Glenn Greenwald
Politics • Culture • Writing
Locals Mailbag: Glenn Answers Questions on Panic Over Zohran, SCOTUS Rulings, Israel/Iran War, & More
System Update #478
July 07, 2025
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The following is an abridged transcript from System Update’s most recent episode. You can watch the full episode on Rumble or listen to it in podcast form on Apple, Spotify, or any other major podcast provider.  

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As we try to do every Friday night, news permitting, we will devote the entire show tonight to a Q&A session, taking questions submitted throughout the week by members of our Locals community and answering as many of them as we can. As is typically the case for my audience – and I say this with no small amount of pride – the questions tonight, as usual, are wide-ranging, thoughtful, informed, and provocative on a very diverse range of issues. 


The first question is from @MaltGirl5 and she says this:

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I think anyone who's watching my show, followed my reporting or commentary over the years, understands that I am not one to call things racist or bigoted or all those other synonyms very casually or even very easily. If anything, maybe there's more reluctance than I should have to do so sometimes, but in this case, it's hard not to. 

I don't know if racism is the right word; I think it's more about anti-Muslim bigotry, meaning not just animosity toward Muslims, but extremely irrational animosity. The things that are getting said about Zohran that just so plainly don't apply to him, as I was talking the other night about how Democrats tried for 10 years to depict Trump as this white nationalist, fascist, Hitler-like figure, and it just never worked because Trump didn't read that way to people, he didn't code that way to the people, even people who have a lot of reservations or even opposition to things he says and does just don't feel threatened that way. 

And that is true, notwithstanding what I believe. There have been a lot of authoritarian measures that have been implemented this year that are cutting against key constitutional liberties; we've talked about those a lot, specifically, free speech,  free press and due process. There's still a massive gap between that and being a white supremacist, fascist and Hitler-type figure, which is what they tried to depict him as, especially as they got desperate in the last weeks of his campaign, in 2024. It just didn't work because people could look with their own eyes and what they were seeing wasn't Hitler. 

I think this is very similar to what's going on with Zohran. They want to turn him into this Osama bin Laden figure. But you just look at Zohran, you see how he lives his life, you see how he speaks, what he says, you see his wife, you see his background and just there's nothing in that background that suggests any of this has any basis in reality. So, it's very mean-spirited. I think a lot of people enjoy this kind of mob, sort of hatefulness. It feels good. 

Obviously, there are a lot of real reasons, ideological reasons and political reasons, why a lot of people are very uncomfortable with Zohran Mamdani. He absolutely is of the left and has left-wing economic views for sure. And if that's an ideology that you reject, that you are opposed to, I have zero problem with any kind of vehement opposition. That's what politics is about. But the stuff we're about to show you has nothing to do with any of that. It's so clearly designed to trigger the worst impulses in people. 

Again, if it had some basis in reality, if he had been a member of ISIS or al-Qaeda, then I could understand that, although the president of Syria was that until about seven seconds ago, and the West loves him as president of Syria. There are reports that he's about to normalize relations with Israel, Israel was free to fly over Syrian skies when it was attacking Iran. So, even if he had been some sort of ISIS or al-Qaeda supporter in the past, that wouldn't even be disqualifying in our politics, but Zohran was never anything remotely like that. 

Here's a congressman. I'm not even sure I've heard of him before, to be honest and obviously, I do this for a living. So, sometimes these members of Congress are so obscure, they are desperate for attention. His name is Andy Ogles. He's a Republican congressman from Tennessee and this is what he went on to X yesterday and said after Mamdani won overwhelmingly the New York City Democratic primary to be mayor:

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Like, what does that mean “little Mohammed?” What is that in time designed to evoke? 

This went mega viral, as did all the other stuff that he started posting along this vein once he realized that it was getting him attention for once. He's now writing on this, creating cartoons about it, retweeting every article that talks about it. 

Here's the letter that he wrote to Attorney General Pam Bondi yesterday:

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Okay, let me just stop there for a second and say the following. First of all, Mamdani tried to be a rapper and produced songs when he was in his early twenties. He's still quite young, he's 33, so we're talking about a decade ago, when he was like 22, 23. Are we really supposed to go back in time and see what somebody said in their early twenties, what they sung, what music they were creating, what they were saying in those songs, to now deport them after they just won a major election, where huge numbers of people in New York City want him to be their mayor? 

The Holy Land Foundation was one of the most controversial prosecutions of the entire War on Terror. I reported on it frequently at the time. I regarded it as a completely horrific and unjust miscarriage of justice that was done in a hysteria, after 9/11. 

The Holy Land Foundation was a group of imams living in Texas who raised funds for Palestinians because of the suffering they were enduring and still are. They would send it to Gaza, they would send to the West Bank and the U.S. government invented a claim that some of the money they were sending ended up in the hands of Gaza and ended up in the hands of Hamas, which is the government of Gaza. So, if you send money to a hospital in Gaza, or to a first aid station, you send some money to some fund that helps distribute food, at some point, you're going to come into contact with Hamas and that's the government of Gaza. It doesn't remotely suggest that in any way you support Hamas, you support terrorism, etc. 

That's what all this trial did but in the hysteria of post 9/11 America, they were able to extract convictions against people who, I mean, if you want, you can go back and read my reporting or other reporting, but I'm here to say that I believe the Holy Land Foundation prosecutions were a miscarriage of justice, the people in prison under them were wrongfully prosecuted, wrongfully convicted, wrongly imprisoned. Am I not allowed to say that as an American? Is that somehow a crime now to believe that people who were convicted of a crime were wrongly convicted? It's kind of foundational to our entire society. 

Do you think one might raise First Amendment concerns that you want to deport the person who was just elected to represent the Democratic Party by an overwhelming majority of voters in New York City because of what he rapped when he was 22, 23 years old, you'd think that might raise First Amendment issues? 

Zohran Mamdani has lived in the United States since he was seven years old. He came to the United States when he was 7 years old; that means he has lived in the United States for almost the vast majority of his life, all of his adult life. He's never once been arrested, let alone charged or convicted of a crime. What he's done is run on a political platform and won to seat to the New York City legislature and then, as a Democratic nominee, for mayor, based on a political ideology that a lot of conservatives, like this one, dislike. That's it. 

I mean, if he's organizing for Hamas or raising money and sending it to terrorist groups or engaging in terrorism, why would that not have been known? Why would it be that, right when he wins a major election, suddenly, we're supposed to investigate this, even though it's based on nothing? Also, I keep hearing from conservatives that if Democrats keep electing people like him or AOC or whoever, that strain of Democrat, they're going to destroy their party, they're going to prevent the Democratic Party from winning forever. Well, it doesn't seem like a lot of people who say that really believe that. Why would you want to deport Zohran Mamdani if you think that the Democrats electing him will destroy the Democratic Party forever? This is not the behavior of people who think that Zohran Mamdani is going to explode the Republican Party and lead to a hundred years of glorious Republican reign and rule. This seems like the behavior of people who are very afraid of what he just did, which is to energize huge numbers of people that don't typically vote. The same thing that President Obama was uniquely able to do, the same thing that President Trump has been uniquely able to do. 

Here's Libs of TikTok:

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Like the original tweet from Congressman Ogles, this went mega viral, 10,000 people at least, maybe more, retweeting it; 25,000 or so liking it as of whenever I last looked. Just to give you a sense, there are not some isolated statements. This is resonating with a lot of people.

Here's Congressman Ogles going back onto X to get another hit of that dopamine that he got for being noticed for the first time and he has this little cartoon that my guess is his office made, or someone made, of him with his hand up saying “Deport” and then there's a man looking like some angry terrorist which he doesn't ever look like. 

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And notably they want to deport him back to Uganda, they emphasize. 

I want to just make a couple of observations here. First of all, I have been hearing from conservatives for many years now, expressing what I regard as a very valid grievance when I've expressed myself about the evils of lawfare against political opponents, but also about this anti-democratic trend that we’ve seen in so many countries, including the United States, that when you can't beat a politician whose views you dislike, you try to prevent him from appearing on the ballot at all. That was the Democrats' main strategy in 2024 to get President Trump convicted – they even got a Colorado Supreme Court by a four-to-three ruling to throw him off the ballot, prevent him from running on the grounds that he's an insurrectionist, even though he wasn't charged with that, let alone convicted of it. They did everything possible to put him in prison, to make him ineligible to run. It's been done in Brazil, they did it in Romania just recently, and then, of course, in France, a very frivolous criminal conviction of Marine Le Pen is now rendering her ineligible to run. 

I've done shows with that theme about how anti-democratic that is, doing all this in the name of democracy, while what you're really doing is whenever somebody who's your political opponent gets too popular, you want to find a way to get them banned or imprisoned. That's exactly what this is. Oh yeah, Andy Ogles just woke up, he sees that Zohran Mamdani is inspiring huge numbers of young men, which the Democratic Party has had problems with, it is not common for left-wing candidates, for Democratic candidates to inspire people, young people, to give a new face to the Democratic Party. Suddenly, he woke up and decided that Zohran had to be deported, that he's a criminal, that he is a terrorist and huge numbers of conservatives are cheering along with that, not to mention that it's the same conservative movement. 

Again, I joined in with this with years of grievance about attacks on the First Amendment, free speech and censorship. Donald Trump gets into office, one of the first things he does is go on a hunt for people who criticize Israel or protest against Israel, even though they're in the country legally with green cards and student visas, to deport them. They never committed any crimes, they haven't been arrested and they haven't been charged. 

 Anyone who is comfortable with any of this, anybody who is supportive of this, just please, please, don't ever, ever again come with this grievance about how repressive globalists in the world ban people from ballots when they get too popular so the voters don't have a choice, or grievances about censorship and attacks on free speech, just don't do that. If you want to support this, find other ways to do that but the hypocrisy, the deceit of what many on the right – not all people, many don't like this, but many do – but many on the right who have spent years waving the flag of democracy and free speech are now suddenly supporting this, oh yeah, let's deport this guy who just had a major victory and his exciting voters, not just in New York, but across the country, let's just deport him by fabricating a claim that he's been organizing with terrorists, something that nobody ever minimally even whispered or suggested before. He's a person who's lived in the United States for 25 years, not even arrested or charged with a crime, let alone convicted of one, and now suddenly he needs to be deported? I mean, is there anyone who wants to pretend they don't know what's going on here? 

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Next question, @stevenpw asks this:

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Let's, first of all, just make clear what it is that the court decided. There's some reference to court decisions and there are a lot of different decisions on the question of immigration. Some have gone in one direction, some have gone on the other, and reconciling them would take a lot of time, but it's not necessary for this narrow question that you referenced, which is the idea of telling federal court judges that they don't have the power to issue injunctions that go beyond the case before them, that are nationwide injunction. So let me just explain what they're saying here. 

So, let's say you are a lawyer, you represent six people who are in the country illegally, and the Trump administration wants to deport them, not back to their home country, but to El Salvador for a prison, or to South Sudan, which is now where they're sending people in the country illegally. They're just picking the most war-torn, dangerous, poor places, and they're saying, “We're not going to send you back to your country, we're going to send you to the South Sudan or Libya.” You rush into court, and you have these three levels of the federal judiciary: the Supreme Court, the appellate courts and then underneath that are individual federal district courts. 

You have to start in the federal court except in the rarest circumstances, but any lawsuit has to go to an individual federal court judge first and only if you lose, you go to the appeals court and then to the Supreme Court, if they accept it. The judge says it's unconstitutional to take these six individual plaintiffs who are in the country illegally and who the government wants to deport to South Sudan, it's unconstitutional to deport them to some third country. It's unconstitutional to do so without due process. So those six people are now subject to an injunction. The court says the government is hereby barred from sending the six people who brought this lawsuit to this third country the U.S. government wants to send them to. That would be uncontroversial. I mean, it might be controversial on the merits, but nobody would doubt the federal court has the power to do that. Even if the decision is wrong, that's something to fix on appeal. 

What federal court judges have been doing, and they've done it long before Trump, but they've done it far more regularly and frequently in the last five months than they have in the last, I don't know, 60 years combined – it's become very, very accelerated – is when they issue these injunctions, they're not just saying it's unconstitutional and therefore you're prohibited from deporting these six people who brought this lawsuit to me. I'm ruling in their favor, and you can't deport these six to the South Sudan without a more extensive due process requirement because under the Constitution they have constitutional rights. 

We've been over many times why people who are non-citizens, including people in the country illegally still have rights under the Constitution that the Supreme Court has recognized for a hundred years. It's not radical, it’s not new, it’s not left-wing. It’s just how the Constitution works. You don't have to like it, but it's just what the Supreme Court has regularly ruled. But what they're doing instead of saying you're enjoined from removing these six people is they're saying the government, as a whole, not just in this case, but every case, is enjoined from deporting anybody to the South Sudan or to El Salvador without these kinds of hearings necessary. 

In other words, they're not just issuing an injunction for the people before them in court, they're issuing an injunction for the entire nation, for every citizen, every person who's not a citizen, every person in the United States illegally, they're reporting to describe rulings and orders that are binding on the government for everyone they might want to deport. 

As I've said before, this has never been uncommon. During the Biden years, for example, Joe Biden wanted to forgive student loan debt. When Nancy Pelosi was asked why he hasn't done it, she always said, “Well, it needs an act of Congress.” But then Biden finally needed a way to satisfy his base. It was a promise that he had made. So he just unilaterally, through executive order, canceled student loan. Conservative groups went into a federal court representing various plaintiffs and asked for not just respect for those plaintiffs, but for the entire student loan program to be declared illegal and for its implementation to be enjoined and they won in a federal district court, the judge issued a nationwide injunction. 

That has happened in every administration. It was never particularly that controversial because it happened with a lot of restraint, rarely, but because of the frequency with which federal district judges have been doing it since Trump was elected back in January, you can argue about why, by their own admission, the Trump administration's own admission, they're testing a lot of previously untested, relatively radical powers in a lot of different areas, but there certainly are political motives, I'm sure, too. You have a whole bunch of federal court judges just enjoining these policies nationwide. 

It's been a main grievance of the Trump Administration and as you likely know, the position of the Trump administration is that birthright citizenship violates the Constitution. There's nothing in the Constitution that says that if you are born in the United States, you automatically become a citizen. Most legal scholars, constitutional scholars, disagree. That's the merits of the case. In the context of the Trump administration wanting to deport people who were born in the United States, and the Trump administration is making the argument they’re not citizens, even though they were born here. 

So, the question is, does birthright citizenship actually exist in the Constitution? The federal district court judge rejected the Trump administration's argument, said “No, birthright citizenship is absolutely guaranteed by the Constitution” and enjoined not just those plaintiffs who brought the lawsuit who were going to get deported, but the government as a whole, from deporting anybody who has citizenship based on the fact that they were born in the United States. That case was then appealed, to the appellate court, by the government. The appellant court affirmed the district court's ruling, said birthright citizenship is absolutely in the Constitution and therefore affirmed it and said, “No, you cannot deport anybody born in the United States. 

The Trump administration then appealed to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court issued a ruling today in that case. It did not decide the merits of birthright citizenship; it did not make a ruling on whether birthright citizenship is based on the Constitution or not. They are going to decide that at some point, presumably later. The only question they decided is the following: do federal courts have the power to issue not just injunctions, enjoining government conduct as it applies to the people who brought the case, the ones who are before them, but for an entire nation? And with an important caveat that I'll get to at the end just because it's kind of a detail for the most part, maybe an important one, maybe not, but what the Supreme Court said by a six to three ruling, and it broke down exactly along conservative and liberal lines, and the court ruled that the district court judges do not – again, with a caveat – do not have the power to issue nationwide universal injunctions. They only have the power to enjoin government action as it pertains to the people in front them and it was a pretty scathing dissent and even more scathing ruling issued by that was written by Amy Coney Barrett. 

 I think a lot of people have trouble understanding what the power of federal courts are in the Constitution. One of the things that I love most about the Constitution is that a lot of it was written to deliberately be a little bit ambiguous to avoid being very unambiguous or specific or dogmatic about certain crucial questions, in part because they needed to be able to attract enough votes to ratify the Constitution and there were people who had lots of disagreements about what the role of the court should be, what the role of the president should be, what the role of the Congress should be. But also, the whole idea of the Constitution is checks and balances and the whole point of checks and balances is the three branches are always going to be fighting for power. The president will want more power, the Congress will want power, the courts will want more power. And through that struggle, no one branch will get too powerful. 

Everyone is checked by every other branch. You can't be a federal judge without the president nominating you and then having the Senate approve you. And even once you're approved, you can be impeached by the Congress, by the Senate. So, every branch has checks from every other branch and through this constant struggle for more and more power, there will be a balance of power, which is what they were obsessed with, preventing a king, essentially from reemerging, since they just fought a bloody war to emancipate themselves from that kind of rule. 

One of the concerns about Congress is that they have just washed their hands of their power. President Trump decides, “OK, I'm going to get involved in this new war with Israel, I'm going to go bomb Iran.” Even though the Constitution says it's Congress that has the power to declare war, and you can read the Federalist Papers saying the gravest decision a country can make is to go to war, and we should not be able to go war unless the people, through the representatives in Congress, approve of it, since they're going to be the ones bearing the burden of that war, fighting it, paying for it, Congress doesn't want to vote on wars because those are hard votes. 

That's really dangerous, because if Congress isn't fighting for its power, and it typically isn't, that's what creates this imbalance. I just want to explain, I think people understand the power of the Congress and the power of the presidency, the executive in Article I, Congress, Article II, the Executive, Article III is where the judicial power is outlined and a lot of these things are intended to be obscure and a lot of them are complex, especially since they required 200 years of judicial interpretation to create these precedents that govern today. And people go to law school and study Article III for a year, a year and a half, in order to fully understand it. So it's understandable that people don't have a clear sense of it. So, I just wanted to walk you through the basics, because I think it's so crucial to everything that's being debated now about these injunctions and what the Supreme Court decided today. 

The key phrase for understanding the judicial power in the United States as defined and formed by Article III is what's called the case or controversy cause of the court, which is Section 2, Article III, which defines to what extent the judicial power extends. And before I show you this language, I just want to give you a kind of overview: Courts cannot and do not go around just opining on various questions, like whether some law is passed by Congress, signed into law by the president. People say, I think it's unconstitutional, and then the court just comes along and says, “Oh, you know what? Let me resolve this. I'll be the one to decide if it's constitutional or not.” Just like courts don't go around without being asked to judge whether people who are charged with crimes are guilty, they have to have the case brought to them by the prosecutor. A person has to be charged, brought to court, and you have two sides that are in dispute, the prosecution and the defendant, the person charged – same with civil cases that person cheats me out of a million dollars in a business deal. The court just doesn't issue an opinion. I have to go to the court, sue the person, create a controversy, a case or controversy, and then bring it to the court. 

The court's power is to resolve the case in front of the case or controversy. That's what the case of controversy clause of Article III, Section 2 means. Courts don't get to just go around opining and resolving things because they think it's important or saying laws are unconstitutional. If you believe a law is unconstitutional and you want a court to decide, that's not enough. You can't just go into a court and say, “Hey, Congress has passed this law and I don't like it. I think it’s unconstitutional, I'd like you to decide.” Courts can't do that. You have to prove that you have standing to raise it, that you're being specifically and directly harmed by this law to let you sue the government, because otherwise you're just asking the court to opine in the abstract and that's not what they do. Their judicial power is limited to cases and controversies before them. They don't opine on precedent, they don't create precedent on their own, they don't make legal rulings. All they're supposed to do is rule on the case before them; they have to have a fully formed case. One side sues someone, one side charges someone criminally, and then the other side comes in and now you have a case or controversy. That's what courts are for. When someone sues somebody else, when you sue the government, or when you charge someone with a crime. That's the only time judicial power is activated: when someone brings a case before them. 

And the controversy that's taking place here is that when a federal district court judge issues a ruling that extends beyond the people before them, as I said, six people about to be deported run into court and sue the government saying, “Hey, what the government's trying to do to me is unconstitutional.” The court absolutely has the power to decide for those six people whether their rights are being violated and to issue an injunction if necessary to protect them that applies to those six People. What courts have been doing over the 20th century and especially since Trump was reelected is basically saying, my order doesn't just apply to the people before me, it applies to the entire country. It applies just to restrain the government everywhere it wants to go, way out of my district, way out of my state, way out of my circuit. And that's what has become controversial because then you put a federal district court judge, a single judge at the lowest level, in charge of basically imposing his ruling or her ruling on the entire country. 

There are instances, and this is the caveat I mentioned, where the only way you can give relief to the people in front of you is by issuing a nationwide injunction. So, you have a class of people, hundreds or thousands, who are affected by a government policy. They all join together to sue, which happens as long as they have enough common interest; you can sue as a class, and the only way to give them relief is you can't just say, oh, it applies to 3,000 people. You have to give them relief for the entire country. There are other examples like that. 

And so, the Supreme Court today said that all federal district court judges can do is issue rulings necessary to give relief to the people before them. It may be that there are times when a nationwide injunction is necessary to give relief to the plaintiffs, but in general, as it was true in this case, when you have six people in the country illegally suing not to be deported, six citizens who are here because of birthright citizenship, you don't need a nationwide injunction to give them complete relief, you just rule that the government can't deport those six people but the next 12 people who are going to be deported have to sue separately, in another district or another judge. They're confining the power of federal discourse judges to what the Article III, Section 2 definition of case or controversy had in mind. 

I'm not fully convinced of the majority ruling, just because I read most of it, but not all of it. It was only issued this morning and we're taping this show early today. So, and I haven't read all of the dissenting opinion, though I've read a lot of both to have a very good idea. So, I don't want to just hear and like say, “Oh yeah, this is right.” 

I think, constitutionally, the language I showed you of case and controversy limits the judge's power and just kind of the equities of how our government is supposed to work due to, and that's what Coney Barrett said today, it does not matter really all these arguments about why it's good or bad Ketanji Brown Jackson is raising. You don't even need to indulge them because what she's saying is just contrary to 250 years of judicial precedent about the power of the judiciary, plus the Constitution itself. 

 And one of the reasons why I think Amy Coney Barrett is arguably the best judge on the court, even though conservatives get angry with her sometimes, because she doesn't vote the party line, it's precisely because she doesn’t vote the party line, she follows legal principles. She's very studious about it; she takes it very seriously. It was so ironic because when Trump nominated Amy Coney Barrett, the liberals went ballistic and said, “She's a religious fanatic, she's just going to automatically vote in favor of Donald Trump.” They even claimed there was a quid pro quo that he nominated her in exchange for her promise to invalidate the results of the 2020 election if he lost, and of course, he did lose that election, and Amy Coney Barrett, nor anyone on the Supreme Court, even remotely intervened to try to reverse the certified results of that election.

Obviously, none of them apologized to her, but I think six years, seven years later, we have a very clear understanding with her. She joins with the conservatives when she believes it, like she did on overturning Roe v. Wade, and in this case, as well, a very crucial case of the Trump administration, but she's not just a party line judge. She really does look at constitutional principles and really doesn't care about the political or partisan outcome that everyone pretends that they want from a judge, sort of like everyone pretends that that's what they want from a journalist: just do your profession, follow your principles, follow the mores of the work without regard any favor to one side or another. Oftentimes, when people do that, they get attacked by both sides for not being loyal to either, but that's what I think makes her such a good judge. 

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All right. @Jcart1965 asked the following:

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It's kind of a substantive question there about Trump's foreign policy, but also a political one about the efficacy of it. I'm not sure I agree on political grounds. Sometimes, when you feed all your factions that you need just enough to keep them from revolting, even if they're not all totally in love with you, but still think they've gotten some things from you, that can be a politically beneficial strategy. I think that's well said, and I think it's pretty accurate too. 

He was pressured by neocons and war hawks and obviously donors – he has many big donors who are highly loyal to Israel – to join the Israeli war against Iran, to bomb their nuclear facilities, and he went and did that, that obviously made anti-interventionists in his party angry and feel betrayed and it obviously made neocons very happy. But then, he also ended the war 12 days after it started, didn't, at least for now, caused regime change, didn't assassinate the Ayatollah Khamenei, didn't allow Israel or the United States to just carpet bomb all government institutions that could have just collapsed the government and created chaos like what was done in Syria. 

So, a lot of anti-interventionists were able to say, “Okay, I don't like the fact that we joined this war, but at least we didn't get dragged into an endless conflict.” At the same time, it made the neocons, the warmongers and the Israel loyalists kind of upset. Like Mark Levin thought he got everything he wanted. Now he's like, “This is outrageous. Why aren't we finishing the job?” So nobody's really happy, but nobody's completely betrayed either. I don't know, politically, that might be a good strategy. 

I don't usually think in those terms, but that would be my analysis. It seems like his supporters are just happy that's all over and now get to move on to other things, where they're more united, like immigration, or the Supreme Court ruling today, things like that, or mocking Zohran Mamdani as some sort of al-Qaeda agent. But on the merits, this is, let's just remember how many wars Israel has started, and yes, when you bomb another country, it's an act of war. It absolutely means you're at war with the country. 

I know in the United States, we bomb so many countries that for us, a war has to be something way more like – no one thinks we're at a war in 18 different countries at once just because we go around bombing whoever we want, but those are acts of war. There's no other country on the planet that would say, “Yeah, let' go bomb that country, but let's not have a war with them”. If you're bombing a country, you're at war with them. Even if it lasts a week, it's still a war. You're sending military fighter jets or bombers over a country to blow things up inside that country without their consent; that's a war. 

The Israelis over the last year and a half, with American support, American approval, American financing, American arms and American diplomatic protection, both under Joe Biden and Donald Trump, have bombed Gaza, they bombed the West Bank, they bombed Lebanon, they bombed Syria, they bomb Yemen, and now they bombed Iran. That's six countries in the region. I'm sure they bombed Iraq, too, pretty sure. But I'll bleed them out. Six regions, four different sovereign countries. They took land in both Lebanon and Syria as part of it. So, they conquered land as part of that. And the U.S. is along for the ride the whole way, involved in all these new Middle East wars. President Trump restarted the bombing campaign of Joe Biden in Yemen. He escalated it, but again there he started it, they envisioned it, they wanted it to go on for nine months to a year and President Trump saw how expensive it was, how much it was depleting our missiles, how it wasn't actually weakening the Houthis, as a lot of people said before him wouldn't happen, and he ended it after a month. 

So, on the one hand, you're angry that, if you have an anti-interventionist view like I do, you're angry that he bombed Yemen, but kind of happy that he realized, apparently, that it was at least a bad policy, if not a mistake, and ended after 30 days. Obviously, I think bombing Iran for Israel is a horrific mistake and even though this phase of the war only lasted 12 days, I absolutely don't believe the conflict is over. I believe the Americans and Israelis and lots of other people are doing all sorts of things to destabilize the Iranian government, backing dissident factions to arm them, to fund them, operating all kinds of operatives within Iran. Israel's already speaking about how they reserve the right to bomb Iran any time if they see they're trying to build ballistic missiles and it's not even about nuclear weapons. 

Israel has violated every cease-fire. There's a cease-fire in Lebanon. Israel just bombs it whenever it wants. When there was a cease-fire in Gaza, Israel frequently attacked Gaza. So, there's a cease-fire between the Israelis and Iranians. Anyone who thinks that's going to hold that the Israelis don't want it to, I think, is being very naive. 

There has been a lot of instability and tension with still the possibility for greater escalation that would drag the United States that didn't exist before, three weeks ago, when President Trump started a new war in the Middle East despite all his promises not to, but then you have the other side that he stopped it quickly, clearly didn't want to get dragged into a war.

So I think, politically, that is what he's doing. I also believe he understands that getting dragged into an endless conflict in the Middle East will destroy his presidency, but, also, he remembers he's gone around saying for a decade “That is incredibly stupid, that's incredibly counterproductive, we have to put America first” and understands that's not anything consistent with what he has been saying.

So, I think there's a big part in the back of his mind that is very hesitant to get the U.S. involved in a protracted war and that's better than not having that hesitation. It’s what I guess I would say. 

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All right, @Katesam327:

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I don't think that. We did a show last night where Michael Tracey went to the NATO Meeting and interviewed multiple leaders. I saw some of the clips of that interview. I didn't see the full show, so I don't associate or disassociate myself with Michael Tracey. 

I don't think I talked about the NATO summit, but on the question of Iran, just let me say first of all that I did a debate released on Wednesday with Konstantin Kisin and his partner, Francis, his co-host on the Triggernometry podcast that's quite popular. It's on YouTube, it's about an hour long and this was the question debated: Was President Trump right to bomb the nuclear facility? Should we consider Iran a threat? So, I don't necessarily want to give a long-detailed answer. I've talked many times about this before as well. We showed a video clip as well, on Monday night, of Noam Chomsky being asked this exact question: “How can you minimize so much the danger of Iran when they chant death to America, death to Israel? What about if they get a nuclear weapon?” We showed you his answer that I definitely associate myself with. 

Let me just say a couple of things. First of all, when people chant death to America, death to Israel that's a chant. It's an expression of anger and, of course, Iran has anger toward the United States because we overthrew their democratic left government in 1953 and imposed on them a brutal savage dictator, the Shah of Iran, who was an Israeli and U.S. puppet, served Israel and the U.S.'s interests, and cracked down on religious freedom, all sorts of dissent and it didn't end until 1979. That's 25 years later. 

And you can say, “Oh, that's a long time ago.” That's not a long time ago. A big portion of the population lived through that, lived through the Shah, lived under the Shah, understood it was the United States imposing a dictatorship on their country. A lot of anti-American sentiment comes from there. And then you obviously, even people who didn't live through it, studied that, understand that history. In Brazil, they did the same thing in 1964, so a decade later, they imposed a military junta on the country that was repressive and savage. Same thing, not quite as brutal as the Shah, but brutal enough. They toppled Brazilian democracy and propped up a dictator who ran the country the way the United States wanted. It basically lasted 24 years, depending on how you count. Obviously, a lot of people in Brazil remember that, live through it and have a lot of negativity toward the United States because of it. Who wouldn't? 

So, it's one thing to chant. It's another thing to have the capability or the willingness. What does that mean, “Death to America, death to Israel?” Iran didn't start that war. Israel started the war with the United States. It's not Iran that has bombed six different places, four different sovereign countries in the region in the last two years. That's Israel and the United States that have done that. Iran hasn't started a war in like two hundred years, that's what Professor Mearsheimer was saying. The United States has started many – many – and so has Israel in that time. 

Israel, which is a major nuclear state, has had nuclear weapons for several decades, has a massive stockpile of nuclear weapons has second-strike capability – to say nothing of the United States, which after Russia is the second largest nuclear power in the world, but probably with a more sophisticated second-strike capability – that means that if Iran were to acquire nuclear weapons, which again, even the U.S. intelligence community said no evidence that they were (I've gone over all these things so I don't want to repeat the in-depth point) but I think the bigger issue is, even if they got nuclear weapons – and in general, I think it's better to have fewer countries with nuclear weapons than more in general as a principle – I'm way more worried about Israel's nuclear weapons than I am about Iran's, because Israel actually has them. Israel has proven that it acts with no limits. 

Israel is operating through a fanaticism that's partly religious and partly nationalistic and I could see Israel using nuclear weapons before I could see Iran using nuclear weapons. If you believe Iran is going to use nuclear weapons against Israel and the United States, you believe then that the leaders of Iran are willing to commit instant suicide, not just for themselves, not for only the 92 million people who live in their country – if Ted Cruz is watching, it's 92 million people – but for the extermination of Iran as an entity, as a place, as nation. I don't see anything that Iranian leaders have ever done that suggests they're suicidal in that manner. That's why nuclear weapon proliferation has not resulted in a nuclear war.

I do not believe that if Iran got a nuclear weapon, they would use it to commit suicide and destroy their entire country. They have just proven it over and over. They entered a deal where they gave up nuclear weapons voluntarily in 2015. They had inspectors all over the place, they allowed surveillance, monitoring and cameras all on site to prove to the world they didn't want nuclear weapons. They weren't going to get nuclear weapons; they wanted to be reintegrated into the international community, to have sanctions lifted. How can you say that the Iranians are some fanatical, unhinged, insane country hellbent on not just getting nuclear weapons but using them, even though it means their complete destruction, when they just proved this decade that they would enter into an agreement, they were ready to again? It wasn't Iran that withdrew from that deal. It was the United States under Donald Trump. And nobody thinks the Iranians were violating that deal. Trump just promised to do it in 2016 as a campaign promise to attract pro-Israel voters and money and he won, and he felt the need to make good on that plan. His argument, from the beginning, was not that Iran is violating it and enriching to try to get nukes; the argument was that the deal is somehow not good enough, and he wanted to get a better deal. But Iran proved they'll enter into a deal.

Even if they got nuclear weapons, what makes anyone think that they would attack Israel in the United States, knowing it would mean their instant annihilation? I know where the propaganda is: “Oh, this is an apocalyptic end-time religion.” Nothing they've done remotely substantiates that, including what they just did in this war, to say nothing of the last two years, when they offered a very, very restrained response to Israel after Israel blew up their consulate, they launched symbolic retaliation that they knew would be intercepted. And whenever I used to say that, people would say, “Oh, you think they did less than they really could do? That's all they could do.” And they just proved, no, they can do a lot more. President Trump himself said Israel got battered, hit very hard. 

There was military censorship in Iran and Israel. Journalists explained that they were not allowed to show any damage done to military or government installations, even though it was extensive. The only things that journalists were allowed to show were damage when a civilian building got hit, to create the false impression that Iran was targeting civilian structures and that no defense bases, no intelligence bases, no government buildings in Israel got hit very hard, as President Trump said. 

Iran always had the capability to inflict more damage than they did last year in that retaliation. They just proved it, and I believe they could have inflicted a lot more, too, but they were pragmatic and careful, restrained and rational, as they always are, not to spiral up the escalatory ladder, precisely because they're not suicidal. And even though I say, in general, I think it's better for fewer countries to have nuclear weapons than more because of how destructive and reckless and dangerous those are, not just to a particular group of people, but to humanity, I am receptive to the argument I've heard Professor Mearsheimer make, that perhaps Iran having a nuclear weapon would actually create more stability in the region, because right now Israel just goes around doing whatever it wants, taking whatever land it wants, bombing whoever it wants, killing whoever it wants, because their nuclear weapons make them the bully of the neighborhood. 

If there was a balance of power, a kind of forced respect, the way we saw with India and Pakistan, given that both of them have nuclear weapons. Everyone's very careful with North Korea and China and the United States and Russia. If there were that kind of fear on the part of the Israelis rather than this belief that we can just fight whoever they want, there's a good likelihood, a very good argument to make that there'd actually be fewer wars, less conflict, and more stability in that region. 

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Trump Mocks Concerns About Epstein; Trump Continues Biden's Policy of Arming Ukraine; Trump and Lula Exchange Barbs Over Brazil
System Update #483

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On our second segment, one of the uniting views of Trump supporters over the last four years has been opposition to the Biden administration's policy of arming, funding, and fueling Ukraine in its war against Russia. Yesterday, however, at the same meeting with Netanyahu, Trump announced that he would continue the Biden policy that he had spent so many years criticizing by now providing defensive arms at least to Ukraine, and he did so based on the longstanding neocon/liberal view that Putin is completely untrustworthy and therefore Russia must be thought because of Putin. That's what Trump himself said. 

Then, we’ll comment on Trump’s lengthy tweet attacking Brazil for its ongoing prosecution of former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, during the BRICS Summit being held in Rio de Janeiro. This was something we were going to cover last night and didn't have time to, but we will tonight. Brazil's President Lula da Silva quickly responded, very defiantly, by basically telling Trump to mind his own business. 

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Last night, we covered quite extensively the decision by the Trump Justice Department, not even six months into the administration, to completely shut down and close and stop all investigations into Jeffrey Epstein, as well as announcing that there will be no further disclosures of any documents of any kind, that whatever they've released so far, which has basically been nothing – not basically, has been nothing – is all you're going to get. 

This is a blatant betrayal of multiple promises made by key Trump officials over the last four years, before they were in the White House, but was also a complete 180 in terms of what key Trump influencers and pundits had been saying, including several pundits who are now running the FBI, such as Kash Patel and Dan Bongino, as well as the Justice Department, including Pam Bondi. 

We even showed you an interview that Alina Habba, the Trump attorney who is now the U.S. attorney for New Jersey, appointed by Donald Trump, did with Pierce Morgan while she was in the government, just in February, where she claimed they have a whole bunch of very incriminating lists with shocking names. She said there's video and there are all kinds of documents that are shocking, in her words, and she said they're going to be released over time because we've gone long enough where people who do these sorts of things, including are involved in the Epstein scandal, have no accountability. She said that is ending with the Trump administration. There's going to be accountability. 

Yesterday, the Trump Justice Department said, “No, there's nothing here. We looked. There's no such thing as a client list.” We know we've been promising and that JD Vance repeatedly said, “Where's the client list?” Donald Trump Jr. said, “Anyone hiding the client lists is a scumbag.” Dan Bongino, Kash Patel, Pam Bondi accused Biden officials of basically covering up predatory pedophilia by refusing to release the Jeffrey Epstein client list. Now, they're saying there's no client list, that thing we've been talking about and accusing Biden officials of hiding and promising to disclose, that doesn't exist. 

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Trump DOJ: There's Nothing to the Epstein Story; State Dept: Syria's Al-Qaeda are No Longer "Terrorists"
System Update #482

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System Update is an independent show free to all viewers and listeners, but that wouldn’t be possible without our loyal supporters. To keep the show free for everyone, please consider joining our Locals, where we host our members-only aftershow, publish exclusive articles, release these transcripts, and so much more!

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One of the most significant scandals among MAGA pundits and operatives within pro-Trump discourse generally over the last four years has been the one involving Jeffrey Epstein. 

Now, in less than five months, the DOJ announced today, the one under Pam Bondi, that they are closing the investigation, given the certainty that they say they have that Epstein had no client list. There's no such thing as an Epstein client list, he never tried to blackmail anyone and no powerful people were involved whatsoever with his sexual abuse of minors. They also say that he undoubtedly killed himself: there's no question about that. 

All of this is such a blatant betrayal of what was promised all of these years, such that all but the most blindly loyal Trump followers – like the real cult numbers, a lot of them almost certainly paid to be that – are reacting with understandable confusion and anger over what happened today and over the last several months. We'll delve into all of this and what this means. 

Then, Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced today that the group that al-Golani once led, long known as al-Qaeda's affiliate in Syria, is no longer officially a designated terrorist group. This is al-Qaeda. We'll explore what all of this shows about the utterly vacant and manipulated propaganda terms, terrorist and terrorism. 

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Earlier today, the Justice Department issued a statement, essentially announcing that they no longer consider any of the questions surrounding what had long been the Epstein scandal to be worthwhile investigation; that essentially all of these questions have been answered, that there's really nothing to look into. 

You can read the Justice Department's statement here.

They're saying this client list that most Trump supporters, I would say, have been accusing the U.S. government, of hiding to protect all the powerful people on this list, now, that they're in power – people like Pam Bondi, Dan Bongino and Kash Patel, now they're in charge – they're saying, no, actually there is no client list at all. There's at least no incriminating client list, whatever that means. 

I don't know if there is a client list or not, but according to them, there's no incriminating client list. I don't know how you can have a client list that's not incriminating: to be a client of Jeffrey Epstein seems inherently incriminating. They seem to have said what the White House briefing said today when asked about this, because as we'll show you, Pam Bondi went on Fox News and was asked, “Are you going to release the client list?” And she said, “It's sitting on my desk for review.” 

Trump had strongly suggested he would order it released. Now they're saying, “You know what? There is no client list.” 

So, all these claims that Jeffrey Epstein had recordings of prominent individuals who he invited to his island, who had sex with minors, evidently, there's no incriminating material of any kind that would implicate any powerful person. Just not there, they checked. They checked the storage closets, they looked under the beds, just couldn't find anything. All the stuff they had been claiming was there for years, screaming and pounding the table on podcasts, making a lot of money over it, too, accusing Biden officials of hiding this all for corrupt ends, just not there. They looked, couldn't find it. 

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Glenn Takes Your Questions on the Ukraine War, Peter Thiel and Transhumanism, Trump’s Middle East Policies, the New Budget Bill, and More
System Update #481

The following is an abridged transcript from System Update’s most recent episode. You can watch the full episode on Rumble or listen to it in podcast form on Apple, Spotify, or any other major podcast provider.  

System Update is an independent show free to all viewers and listeners, but that wouldn’t be possible without our loyal supporters. To keep the show free for everyone, please consider joining our Locals, where we host our members-only aftershow, publish exclusive articles, release these transcripts, and so much more!

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I don't know if you heard, but there's some breaking news, and that is that tomorrow is July 4, which in the United States is a major holiday. The Fourth of July is the day that we celebrate our independence from the tyranny of the British Crown. Tomorrow we will be taking the holiday off in large part because the appetite for watching political content or political news apps and some big political story on July 4 is quite reduced and so everyone can use a three-day weekend. 

What we usually do on Friday night is the Q&A session, something very important to us and something that we try to do at least once a week because it's one of the main benefits that we believe not only give to our Locals members but also receive from them. 

It's always kind of a hodgepodge, but it always ends up as one of our most interesting shows, we think, throughout the week, one of the shows that produces the best reaction. Since we're not doing a show on Friday, we're going to do it tonight instead. We have some excellent questions. There's one really confrontational question – I was going to say a bitchy question, but I want to be a little more professional in that – let's say confrontational questioning, critical. We're going to try to deal with that one as well. 

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So one of the things that shows throughout the week is that I happen to speak a lot. I analyze things, I dissect things, I read evidence, I show you videos, I talk to guests, I ask them questions. And what we try to do on our Q&A is to be respectful with the question and give an in-depth answer. 

I'd rather answer four or five by giving in-depth answers that I hope are thought-provoking than just speeding through them. I'd rather do a substantive response to four or five than a quick, superficial one to nine or 10. So let's go do that. 

The first one is from @If TruthBeTold and this is what they asked: 

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Well, let's begin with the fact that there is a reasonably effective instrument for preventing foreign interests and foreign lobbies from exerting influence in our country in a way that's stealthy or covert; that’s the FARA registration, which requires foreign agents acting on behalf of other countries to register as such so that everybody knows if they're slinking around Congress, whispering in politicians' ears, asking for legislation on behalf of a foreign government because they've disclosed it. 

And so if you work for the Iranian government, they're paying you to influence members of the legislator, if you do that for Qatar, if you do it for Russia, if you do it for Saudi Arabia – and the premise of the question correct, huge numbers of foreign interests lobby in the United States, you're required to declare that publicly on a FARA registration form and you can go see those, they're publicly available, and you can see who's lobbying on behalf of foreign governments for pay. 

One of the problems is that, for some reason – and you can fill in the blanks here – AIPAC has become exempt from that requirement. AIPAC is a lobbying group that reports to the Israeli government, meets all the time with the Israeli government, and gets funding from Israeli sources. Ted Cruz tried to deny that AIPAC is operating on behalf of a foreign government. Tucker Carlson asked him, “Well, has there ever been a single position that AIPAC has taken that deviates from the Netanyahu government?” and Ted Cruz said, “Sure, they do it all the time.” And Tucker Carlson said, “Oh, that's great. Why don't you name one?” And of course, Ted Cruz couldn't because it never happens, because AIPAC is an arm of the Israeli government trying to exert influence in the United States. 

And yet, for some reason, for a lot of reasons, in contrast to all the other examples I just named, when you have to fill out a foreign agent registration form, people who work for AIPAC or on behalf of the Israel lobby don't. Their claim is, “Oh, we're not lobbying for Israel. We're lobbying for the United States. We just believe that if the United States does everything that Israel wants, that's good for the United States. We're an American group. We're patriotic. We're America first. We just think that America benefits when it does everything that the Israeli government tells it to do.” 

John F. Kennedy strongly advocated and started to demand that the predecessor group to AIPAC register as an agent of a foreign government. He couldn't understand why it didn't have to, alone among all the other groups. And it never ended up happening because JFK's presidency ended when he was killed. 

Again, I'm not drawing any kind of causal link there. I'm not even trying to imply it. I'm just giving you the chronology as to why that never came back. And since then, nobody has ever talked about that. So, that's one thing. The other is that AIPAC is uniquely well-financed in terms of being a lobby operating on behalf of foreign governments. It hides that in a lot of ways, but I'll just give you an example. In the last Congress, there were two members in particular who AIPAC identified as being too critical of Israel. They were both Black members of Congress who represented primarily Black, poor districts, and the rhetoric started to become, which is threatening to AIPAC, ‘Wait, why are we sending billions and billions and billions of dollars to Israel when Israelis enjoy things like better access to health care and more subsidies for college than our own citizens do, when millions of Israelis have better standards of living than millions of people in the United States, including in my district? Why are we sending the money there instead of keeping it at home and improving our lives? 

Two of the people they identified as highly vulnerable were Jamaal Bowman and Cori Bush. I've certainly had criticisms of both of them, particularly Jamaal Bowman, but also Cori Bush – but that's not why AIPAC was interested in moving them from Congress. They poured $15 million – $15 million into a single house district in a Democratic primary – they found this Black politician in St. Louis to challenge Cori Bush, who promised to be an AIPAC puppet, and he has kept his promise. Wesley Bell is his name. He should put AIPAC in the middle of his name because it's much more descriptive of what he is now. And they just removed Cori Bush from Congress and put in this person who is basically the same as Cori Bush, except he loves and worships and devotes himself to Israel, never criticizes it. 

They did the same with Jamaal Bowman. They got George Latimer, who's white, but he was a county executive known in the district, and they poured $15 million into that. I don't know of any other interest group on behalf of a foreign government that has not just the ability, but the brazenness, the willingness, to be so open about destroying people’s careers in Congress that they're not sufficiently loyal to a foreign government. 

So the question is, well, what's the solution? Are you more willing to consider the problem of money in politics? I've never doubted the problems of big money in politics. I've always recognized that there are massive problems with huge amounts of money in politics. The founders did as well. They were capitalists. Obviously, they weren't opposed to financial inequality. They were often very rich themselves, property owners and the like, but they also warned that massive inequality in the financial realm can easily spill over into something they did want to avoid, which is inequality in the political realm or the legal realm. And clearly that's happening. 

The problem is, how do you restrict the expenditure of money for political purposes without running afoul of the First Amendment? Let me just give you an example of what this kind of law would entail. This was at the heart of Citizens United, which was the five-to-four Supreme Court decision in 2010 that invalidated certain amounts of financial campaign finance restrictions on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment. 

Let's say you're a group that wants to improve conditions for the homeless, and you want to bring attention to the problems of the homeless and solutions you really believe in as a citizen; you're just like trying to pursue a political cause that you believe in. You get together a bunch of money from your friends from other groups, you save your money and use that money to publish films, ads and documentaries about which politicians are helping the homeless and which ones are harming them. Then, you also may hire somebody who has influence in Congress, who can get you into doors to talk to members of Congress, to try to persuade them to enact legislation that will help the homeless. If you have laws that say that you can't lobby, you can’t spend money on political advocacy. It's not just going to mean that Israel and Raytheon can't go into Congress or that Facebook and Palantir can't; It's going to mean that nobody can. And that clearly is a restriction on your ability to, not your ability but your right under the Constitution to petition your government for redress, to speak freely about grievances you have against your government. 

I've always thought the better solution than trying to restrict First Amendment rights by eliminating money from politics is to equalize it through public campaign financing. So, if your opponent raises $10 million through billionaire spending or very rich people, the government will match your funds and give you $10 billion. 

We do have matching funds in certain places. We also have a better tradition and culture of small-dollar donors that compete with big-money donors. I mean Bernie Sanders' campaign drowned in money in 2016 because of small donors. AOC has insane amounts of money that largely come from small donors over the internet. Donald Trump had a ton of small donors, in addition to very big ones. Zohran Mamdani, actually, got so much money at the start of the campaign from grassroots donors that he actually asked them not to give anymore because, under the matching fund system of the city, where you can raise money up to a certain level and then they match it, he reached the maximum. He didn't need any more money because he wanted to get the matching funds. 

That has been encouraging; the internet and various fundraising networks enable small donor contributions to a huge amount, making people competitive, who aren't relying on big money. But once you start trying to regulate how people can spend their money for political causes, remember Citizens United grew out of an advocacy group, they were conservative, they produced a documentary, publishing, highlighting and documenting what they believed were the crimes and corruptions of the Clintons before the 2008 election. So, they made a film about one of the most powerful politicians on Earth and it contained information they wanted the general public to see before voting, potentially making her president. And that was, they were told, a violation of campaign finance laws because they were a nonprofit, and under the campaign finance laws in question, corporations, including nonprofits or unions, were banned from spending money 60 days before an election. 

That's why groups like the ACLU and labor unions sided with Citizens United and argued that this campaign finance law, which the court, by a 5-4 decision, overturned, is in fact unconstitutional. People forget the ACLU and labor unions that also would have been restricted, were also part of the urging of the majority decision, even though it's considered a conservative decision. 

I think there are much better ways to equalize the playing field when it comes to lobbying: make AIPAC and all of its operatives and the entire Israel lobby required to register under FARA, just like everybody else does. If they don't, they go to prison, just like anybody else does who doesn't file the FARA forms deliberately or intends to deceive. And then, also, find ways to make the playing field even without telling people, citizens, that they can't spend their money that they earn and that they make on political advocacy, on campaigns to convince the public of certain things against various other candidates. I think there are many better ways to do it than that. 

 

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All right, @TearDrinker asked the following. And this is somebody, I'm quite sure, that if you start crying, he gets so happy, he'll drink your tears. He looks for that. That's who asked this question. So, I think we do have a lot of very noble and benevolent people in our audience but we also have some very dark people in the audience and I think @TearDrinker is one of those. Nonetheless, the question is very good. We all have dark sides, good sides and bad sides. We're very complex. So is our audience. And here's his very good question: 

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I had several people on my show from the start who were vehement opponents of U.S. financing, NATO financing of the war in Ukraine. Jeffrey Sachs was one, John Mearsheimer was another and Stephen Walt was another. We had several people, we had members of Congress, Matt Gaetz and Marjorie Taylor Greene, part of the MAGA movement, Rand Paul as well, RFK Jr., when he was running for president. We had a lot of people but Professor Mearsheimer, Jeffrey Sachs and Stephen Walt in particular were overwhelmingly prescient in predicting what would happen, even though at the time you weren't allowed to say this because if you said this, if you said reality, you would get accused of being a Russian propagandist or pro-Kremlin or all the things they use to smear people who are questioning the prevailing propaganda. Just like we saw in this last war, if you questioned U.S. bombing of Iran or the Israeli attack on Iran, you were accused of pro-Mullahs, loving the Ayatollahs, same thing every time. 

One of the things that they were saying is like, “Look, it doesn't matter how many weapons you give to Ukraine, it does matter how much money you hand to Kiev.” Even if it didn't get all sucked up in the massive corruption that has long governed Ukraine – which of course it will, but let's assume it didn’t, let's just say it was a very honest, well-accounted for country driven by integrity and principle and all the money was used for exactly what it was earmarked for – even if that happened and even if the Ukrainian people were incredibly courageous and they were at the beginning but even so… 

You know, there's a dog behavior that I've seen so many times. If you go to a dog park and two dogs are going to fight and they're on neutral ground, no one owns the dog park, the stronger dog is likely to win. But if you took those same dogs and the weaker dog in the dog park was at home and the stronger one in the park went to the house of the weaker dog, the weaker dog would suddenly become very strong. And typically, I'm not saying in all cases, obviously a Poodle and a Rottweiler, it's going to be the same result, but I'm saying when it's even remotely close, when you're defending your home – and this is definitely true in the canine world, they fight much more passionately, much more aggressively, much more confidently. And I think that's the same for human beings. 

And so the Ukrainians were very feisty, very punching above their weight at the beginning but even so, and all these people on my show said it, and I got convinced, that it was true from the very start, even if everything went right for the Ukrainians, even if you give them everything they want, the simple fact that Russia is so much bigger and that this is going to be a ground war of attrition between two neighboring countries, meant that inevitably Russia was going to win. It might take a year, it might take two years, it might take five years. The only possibility is that the Ukrainian population of young men, and as they expanded the draft, it became middle-aged, young to middle-aged men, were going to be obliterated, were going to disappear and obviously were huge numbers of young Russian men, but they have so many more that they can just keep replenishing them and losing that amount without having any real effect on Russia, which is like a gigantic country. And that's what's happened between the people who were killed in Ukraine, the people who fled and deserted, and there are a lot of them. There's basically a generation of Ukrainian men missing, which in turn means women aren't dating and aren't marrying. It just destroys the whole society.

The last time we really heard any promises that there was going to be a change was in 2023. There was going to be this great counterattack during the summer, like David Petraeus and Max Boot and all the people who promised the same thing was going to happen in Iraq with the surge were they telling us, “No, this counterattack is going to change everything.” It didn't change anything. Russia has maintained the 22%, 23%, 24% of Ukraine that they occupied, and they've been expanding more and more. There's no way to stop that unless you send in NATO troops or U.S. troops to have a direct war with Russia, which would by definition be World War III. 

The EU, has these – I'm going to say they're primarily women and I say that because a lot of left-wing parties in Europe ran explicitly on the idea that they were going to put women in foreign policy positions because women are less likely to be militaristic, warmongering, seeking conflict, they're much more likely to rely on diplomacy to resolve disputes because it's more in the woman nature. This was the feminist argument, a very essentialist and reductive view of how women and men resolve conflicts. 

But instead, you look at these warmongers, and you're up there like Ursula von der Leyen, who's the president of the EU. Nobody elected her. She's a maniac, a sociopath. The foreign affairs minister is the former prime minister of Estonia. It's like a million people. She's now like the foreign minister; she goes around demanding more and more war. And then the Green Party in Germany is the worst. They ran on this feminist foreign policy explicitly. And they have Annalena Baerbock as the Foreign Minister: she sounds like something out of 1939, talking about the glories of war. 

And even with all that, the Europeans are going to send in troops, the Americans are going to send in troops and so the more we prolong this war, the more we destroy Ukraine, the country, and the more we sacrifice the lives of Ukrainians. And that has been the neocon argument. It's like, you don't have to worry. Americans aren't dying. It's the Ukrainians who are dying. Remember, they're not fighting voluntarily. They're conscripted. A lot of them are fleeing, a lot of them are deserting. They just don't have the people to fight. 

Over the last couple of weeks, there have been announcements that the U.S. is going to slow down or stop certain weapons transfers that had previously been allocated under the Biden administration. One of the people who is announcing this, who's deciding this, is Elbridge Colby. You remember that Elbridge Colby was one that the neocons tried so hard to stop his confirmation to the high levels of the Pentagon because his view has long been that we have no interest in a lot of the wars we fight, including in Ukraine, including in the Middle East, we ought to be focusing on China and the Pacific. And neocon groups that obviously want the United States focused on fighting in the Middle East, funding Ukraine, were desperate to keep him out. 

There are a few others. Some of those non-interventionists who made the high levels of the Pentagon, like Dan Caldwell, who ended up getting fired because they fabricated leaks against him that were completely fake. We'll do a show on that one time. But there are still several of them. And so Elbridge Colby, when he announced this policy, like, Look, we were going to ship all these munitions and missiles to Ukraine, but now we can't. The reason we can, and we have gone over this before, is because U.S. stockpiles are dangerously low. We don't have these missiles and munitions to give, at least not consistently with making sure that we have enough in the case we want to fight another war. And the reasons are obvious. We've been sending missiles and munitions and drones and everything else we have to Ukraine and to Israel to fuel their wars. 

Israel has multiple wars, not just in Gaza, but also in the West Bank, in Lebanon, in Syria. It has bombed the Houthis many times and attacked Iran. The United States has been arming and funding and just sending huge amounts of weaponry to Ukraine. And also remember, President Trump re-instituted and escalated President Biden's campaign of bombing the Houthis. And the idea was we're going to obliterate the Houthis. After a month, President Trump got the report and saw how much money we were spending, how many weapons we were using, how much money it was costing, and nothing was really getting done. We were killing a bunch of civilians and not really degrading the Houthis at all. And they told him, “Oh, sir, we just need nine more months.” But he ended it because he saw he was being deceived again. And we're very low on military stockpile, even though we spend three times more than any other country on the planet and more than the next 15 countries combined. 

This was one of the reasons why, although we've been told that Israel and the United States together achieved this massive, glorious war victory, Netanyahu and Trump are war heroes, when Trump called on Netanyahu to be immediately pardoned or have his corruption trial stopped, it was like, “Look, he just, with me, won a historic war.” It's very important for Trump and Israel to insist to people that they won this great war, this historic war, in 12 days. 

The reality is that the Israelis really couldn't fight that war for much longer. You saw with fewer and fewer missiles shot by Iran, not even most sophisticated yet, that more and more of a landing. We don't know the full extent of the damage in Israel because journalists will tell you they were absolutely and aggressively censored by the military from showing any hits on government or military buildings. The only things they were allowed to show were the occasional hits by the Iranians on a civilian building here, a residential building there, to create the false impression that they were targeting and only hitting civilian buildings, but a lot of Israel suffered a lot of damage. President Trump said that himself, that Israel took a huge pounding. They didn't have air defenses any longer. They were running out and the United States couldn't continue to supply them. We were running out of our own missiles that we use to shoot down Iranian missiles. Israel and the United States didn't end to that war at least as much as Iran did because we were so low on our stock files because we're fighting so many wars or funding so many wars. And so the argument of the Pentagon and Elbridge Colby is, “Look, we just don't have these weapons to keep giving to Ukraine. We need them for ourselves. If we keep giving them to Ukraine, we're not going to have any on our own and our priority should be our military and our protection and not Ukraine's.” 

If this were really a difference between Ukraine winning the war, if we give them the weapons as defined by NATO, which was always a pipe dream. However, the definition was expelling every Russian troop from every inch of Ukraine, including Crimea, which the Russians would never ever allow to happen. If it were a difference between Ukraine winning or Ukraine just getting rolled over, then I would say, okay, maybe there's a debate to be had. But the reality is we've been feeding them weapons into the fourth year now. It's four whole years, coming up on four years, three and a half years of not just the United States sending billions and billions of dollars, but also Europe, and Ukraine hasn't been saved. Ukraine has been destroyed. Ukrainians haven't been freed. They've been slaughtered in mass numbers. And that's all that's going to happen if we keep sending weapons there. 

Of course, the Europeans are relying on this fearmongering that Putin is not going to stop with Ukraine. He wants to eat up all of Ukraine. He's demonstrated many times that he's willing to do a peace deal that secures a buffer zone in eastern Ukraine that protects the ethnic Russians who speak Russian and feel they've been aggressively discriminated against by the Kiev government. The people of Crimea and various provinces in the east feel closer to Moscow than they do to Kiev. They identify as Russians and not Ukrainians. So, as long as Russia feels that, A, they can protect those people, and B, create a buffer zone between NATO and the West on the one hand and Russia on the other so it can't go right up to their border, they've always said they're willing to reach a deal. 

And remember, Ukraine and Russia they almost reached a deal at the very beginning of the war that didn't call for the complete sacrifice of Ukrainian sovereignty, but only those kinds of buffer zones or semi-autonomous regions to letting them vote, and that was the deal that Victoria Nuland and Boris Johnson swept in and told Ukraine they can't keep and they wanted this war to be a prolonged war to destroy Russia. So this fearmongering that Putin's going to eat up all of Ukraine and he's going to move to Poland and then he's like Hitler, he's going to sweep through Eastern Europe and then Central Europe, back to Austria and Germany and then is going to go to Paris again, this is idiotic. 

The Russians have had a hard time defeating Ukraine, albeit with, obviously, Ukraine's being aggressively backed by NATO. But even if they weren't, they were willing to do a deal that just provides Russian security. But wars always are raw and fearmongering, and so they've convinced a lot of people if we don't back the Ukrainians, Russia is going to just roll over and take over, annex Ukraine and rebuild the Soviet Union under this kind of view of Greater Russia that Putin supposedly has in mind, the way Israel is actually doing, creating Greater Israel. There's so much evidence that contradicts that, so little evidence that supports it, but at the end of the day, where are these people going to come from who are going to fight on the front lines in Ukraine? There aren't many left. We can drown that country with billions of dollars in weapons and the war is still going to end up the way it's going to end up. You may not like it, it may be sad to you, you may wish it were a different way, but that is just the reality. 

There have been experts saying it very bravely, I mean, Jeffrey Sachs used to go on “Morning Joe” all the time, until he started saying this, and he hasn't been on again. People get booted out of mainstream platforms, they get called all sorts of names, Russian agents, Kremlin propaganda, etc., but who cares? Those people were the ones who were absolutely right, which is why we kept putting them on our show. They were by far the most convincing people. And that is the nature of the war in Ukraine and the U.S. role in it. Even if we wanted to keep supplying the weapons, we simply don't have them because we've been fueling and arming far too many wars: our own, Israel's and Ukraine's. That's what happens. 

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I think this is the third question, and it comes from @BookWench. And this person, I believe, is a wench, self-described, I'm not being insulting, they're a wench. And they really like books. And if you're going to be a wench, I think it’s better to be a well-read wench than some ignorant one. It's a good friend of the show, often asks some really great questions. And here's the one submitted by this wench tonight. 

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She’s talking about our show last night. If you haven't seen it, that's a great summary of it. But we talked about the integration of Big Tech companies like Meta, OpenAI and Palantir increasingly into the media, while at the same time, Trump and big media corporations are reaching all sorts of nefarious agreements about what their coverage should and shouldn't be.

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I'll give you a parallel example to make this point, rather than just addressing this one directly. Oftentimes people focus on what words apply, like what inflammatory words apply, what shocking or extreme political jargon applies, and even if that jargon is important, even if it has fixed meaning, even if deserves to be applied, traditionally, I've tried to avoid arguments over words or labels because so many people feel so strongly about them that even if they might be open to your argument on the substance and the merits, the minute you use that word, a lot of people just shut off. 

That was why it took me a few months to call what Israel was doing in Gaza a genocide, not because I doubted that the term applied but just because there are a lot of people open to hearing the facts about what Israel is doing in Gaza and seeing how horrific and criminal and atrocious it is, but the minute you use the word genocide, they just kind of instantly turn away from it. I often make the assessment, I'd rather have the channel open for communication than use a word that I know that's just going to close that channel. 

A lot of times, though, it does become necessary to use that term, I don't just mean genocide, but a term that can't have that effect because it's indispensable to understanding the situation. And that's how I came to see the word genocide in Gaza and ethnic cleansing, even more so. You can't really talk about Gaza without talking about that intent. It's not my guess about that; it's based on the statements that the Israelis have made about their war objectives and then their actions that align with it. But in general, I like to avoid those kinds of words. 

Fascism is definitely one of them. I promise fascism is similar to my problem with genocide and there are a lot of other words like this. There are a lot of words that get thrown around that even if they have a clear and fixed meaning, the people throwing them around aren't very capable of defining in a very concrete, specific way what the words mean. Fascism, to me, has almost become colloquial for just, like, Hitler-like or authoritarian or using aggressive racist themes combined with abuse of government power but the word and concept Fascism is a lot more complex than that, and it involves a lot more prongs than that. 

People study fascism for years in universities. There are graduate programs where you study fascism. It's a philosophy, it's an ideology that was developed in a very specific historical context. It ended up shaping the Italian government in the 1930s under Mussolini and then, of course, the Germans; you could argue Franco in Spain also was an expression of it. But I just feel like throwing the word fascism around at Trump or the Republicans, or especially, of all, it means a kind of aggressive authoritarianism. It just doesn't serve any purpose because I think the Biden administration was extremely authoritarian in lots of different ways. I think most administrations of the last 25 years have been. Very few people spent more time vocally, vehemently condemning Bush-Cheney than I did. I wrote books about it, including arguments that they ought to be prosecuted for things they did, spying on Americans without warrants, torturing people and kidnapping them off the streets of Europe. But I don't think I ever called them fascists. Not because someone had studied or done that, would have been offended or argued that it didn't apply, but just because I don't think it helps the conversation any. 

I think one of the worst things the Biden administration did is essentially commandeered the power of Big Tech to control political discourse in the United States, dictating to Big Tech what they ought to suppress and what they are to permit. In doing so, they absolutely warped and suppressed crucial debates about COVID, about Ukraine, about even election integrity that ought to have been aired. One of the things that bothered me about it so much was that you had the government on the one hand and corporate power on the other in the form of Big Tech and the Biden administration was basically annexing the power of Big Tech and corporate power to control free speech. 

I often pointed out that, ironically, the Democrats love to call Donald Trump a fascist, uniting state and corporate power, eliminating the separation between them, where they each have different objectives, sometimes overlapping, sometimes not, but uniting them as one entity working toward exactly the same goal. That was what Hitler did. There was no arms industry that wasn't under the control of the government. There was no private sector not under the control of the government, all working toward a common theme and a common unity. 

That is what's happening here as well as these major corporations like OpenAI, Palantir and Facebook more and more directly and expansively integrate into the military, into the intelligence community, into the government. But there are other factors, other prongs of fascism as well, and people debate it. And so if I were to say that, oh, this is fascism, the Trump government is fascist or the Biden administration is fascist, it might be satisfying to people who want to hear that and who believe that. But for a lot of people, they would just turn that off as Fox junk in the case of Biden or MSNBC junk in the case of Trump, and oftentimes that is what it is, just junk. It's people spewing it without having any idea what those terms mean, just to get maximum emotional catharsis or provoke emotional reactions. 

I would much rather do what we did last night, which is spend 45 or 50 minutes, maybe an hour, however much we spent, showing people exactly what's happening, showing this integration between corporate and state power for surveillance purposes, for military purposes, for intelligence gathering. Talk about the dangers of it in a way that I hope people are open-minded, because we're showing them the evidence. The minute you start using terms that they're kind of inherently going to repel or just recoil from, I feel like I can call it fascism and congratulate myself, but I don't feel like it does much good. I feel like actually does the reverse. If these terms were very clearly agreed to specific meanings that everyone understood, I wouldn't have a problem with using them when they applied, but since they don't at all, I think these words are obfuscated. 

But I did point out last night, and I will say again, that integrating corporate and state power is a hallmark of fascism and whether all the other hallmarks of fascism are present, it's extremely dangerous for the reasons we delved into extensively last night if you want to understand more how we think about that and what we said you can, if you haven't already, check out last night's show

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All right, next question @KKtowas, who says this:

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I don't want to be too cavalier about paraphrasing this. The question did do a good job of describing it. I'd rather show the actual words. If you haven't heard it, it's really worth watching. I definitely understand why it provoked this question. 

So, let me focus on the part that I do actually feel comfortable paraphrasing, which is Ross Douthat did ask Peter Thiel, “Do you favor the continuation of the human race? Is this something that you actually think is a good thing?” 

Elon Musk has been asked this before. Part of what Elon Musk wants to do is make sure humanity is multiplanetary, starting with life on Mars. A lot of people think, ‘Oh, you must think that's because humanity on Earth is doomed; otherwise, why is it so important to you to make humanity multiplanetary?’ There are other reasons why you might, but that's a suspicion, and not just to make it multiplanetary because the Earth is doomed, but also to transform what it means to be human. 

This kind of philosophy has been popular among these more extreme Silicon Valley types of Transhumanism, something that transcends humanity or fundamentally transforms it. Typically, I think merging humanity with technology or with a machine for a superior being, it's definitely how a lot of them think of artificial intelligence. I, one time, got a root canal, which I hate as much as anybody – I think I hate it more, but probably everyone hates it equally – but one of the only good things about it is that it lasts for two hours. I have the time to sit and listen to podcasts that ordinarily I wouldn't have time to listen to, or the inclination, just because I have to have my brain distracted. I can't, even if my mouth is totally numb and I don't feel it. I don't like hearing what the dentist is doing. I don't want to think about what tools he's using and why. There's almost no job I'd rather have least than being a dentist and just constantly being in someone's mouth every day looking at their teeth. But whatever. So, I try to distract myself and one of the ways I did so is I listening to Mark Zuckerberg's appearance on Joe Rogan. He was talking at length about his vision that soon we're going to take all these devices, virtual reality devices and AI devices, and they're no longer going to be exterior instruments that we wear, like Googles on our head or phones or earpieces or things in our phone. It's going to be part of our anatomy. He was talking about drilling into brains in order to have this technology part of the human brain, and at first he said the first use is going to medical, somebody has a neurological injury or some other serious neurological problem, this machine will help them with that functionality. But critically, he was talking as well about an ultimate merger between technology and human beings, which in one way may not change the nature of human beings in the beginning. It's just kind of another instrument. You can imagine this earpiece. Say you wear an earpiece of the kind people commonly use now to listen to things on a computer, connected by Bluetooth to their phones. Does it really change humanity if, instead of just having this come in and out, it's just now implanted in our ears? Does it change humanity? Well, when you start talking about the brain and changing how our brains think and produce thought, or having AI be the future of what a human being should be, but in a spiritual form, that's clearly transhumanistic. That's transforming what a human being fundamentally is. 

There are all kinds of questions that come with that. If you believe in a soul, does this have a soul? And the way Mark Zuckerberg was so cavalier in talking about it, I found very creepy. 

Let me just say one thing. I think the question referenced that Peter Thiel stuttered when he answered and kind of had big pauses. Peter Thiel always does that. The reason is – and he's talked about this before, he's autistic – and that means you don't have the same capacity for social interaction. 

One of the things he said that I found super interesting was what he thinks the benefit of being autistic, not severely autistic, where you aren't verbal, can't interact with people at all, but somewhere on the spectrum of where he places himself. When you don't have autism and you're very clued into social cues – and we are social and political animals, we do interact as groups, we are not solitary beings – that if you're so aware of social cues and you're constantly receiving what social cues are, in a way it's making you more conformist, kind of morphing you into society, you understand what society expects of you, you understand what the society thinks, you understand what you're supposed to say in most situations. And he was saying that that can really make you conformist. It can kind of just make you part of this blob. Whereas he sees his autism as almost a gift because feeling detached, excluded, or isolated from majoritarian societal sentiments, ethos and mores forces you to see things differently, to look at things differently. And then that, of course, is the kind of thing that can lead to innovation and invention. Steve Jobs was not autistic, but he actually has said in interviews, people don't talk about this, but it's so true, that had he not taken LSD and had experience with other hallucinogens, he never would have invented the iPad or various Apple products, that it was that kind of transcendent thought that enabled him to have this vision that he otherwise wouldn't have had. On some level, mind-altering drugs can be analogized to autism and so, yes, Peter Thiel stutters; he stumbles. Oftentimes, it seems like he's sweating or having difficulty answering the question, but in reality, it's autism and the way he speaks. But it does affect how people perceive him. 

Let me show you this clip that the question asked, because I think it's really worth hearing him in his own words. 

Video. Ross Douthat, Peter Thiel, TikTok.

Let me say a couple of things about this. People who think about changes in the future are often looked at as strange and weird because generally, the future is something we can't really imagine. 

I remember when I was young, I'm still young, but I remember when I was younger, when I was a child, and I used to go visit my grandparents. My grandfather was born in 1904. My grandmother was born in 1910. I spent a lot of time over there when I was younger and I constantly thought about how bizarre it was that they were born into a world that didn't have airplanes, didn't have radio, didn't have television, didn't really have phones and then during their lifetime, like all this technology that previously had been considered unthinkable – how is something going to fly in the air over the Earth? How are people going to talk to each other using weird connective machines? Or television that started off black and white and then became color, or film that started silent and then became with audio. All these things were unthinkable at the beginning and I kept thinking how strange to be born into a world where this unthinkable technology didn't exist, and then suddenly it arrives, and it just changes your world. All those technologies, obviously, had a major effect on the world. Then I had my own experience. I was born in 1967. I was 24, 25 when the internet started really being something that I used in my life, and, obviously, that's a major transformative innovation. If you had thought about the internet before it happened, it would seem inconceivable; people who describe the future in ways that seem inconceivable always come off as very strange and weird. So, I think we ought to acknowledge that. 

But I want to say two things on the other side, as kind of big caveats. One is the idea of a billionaire; until you really interact with billionaires, it's hard to explain what they're like, and I've had pretty close interactions with many of them. Obviously, I founded a media company with one of them, Pierre Omidyar, who I think is worth like $12 billion or whatever. A lot of other people in Silicon Valley whom – I've gotten to know some – ‘being rich’ doesn't describe that, like the amount of wealth that you have, like when you're a billionaire, you don't think of yourself as just rich, you start thinking about what you can do to change the world, change the government, change countries, change culture. It's so much power; it's so much money. 

With power and money comes, in almost every case, being surrounded by sycophants: people constantly flattering you, saying yes to everything that you think, say and want, because power means you can do so many things for people that benefit their lives and if they know that you have that, they're going to want to flatter you so that there's a chance you're going to give those things to them. Obviously, it makes people in that situation so detached from reality and so enamored of themselves just because all their influences tell them that they are brilliant, and that they're a genius and that they see things people don't see. 

Sometimes, that may be true, there are probably billionaires, I guess I know a couple, who I would consider extremely smart, but the majority of them, including ones I've worked with, I can tell you, I'm not going to say they're dumb. They're mediocre. Sometimes they have like an idiot savant skill that turned into a company that just exploded at the right time. Everyone's success has partly some luck. You have to be in the right place at the right time and a lot of these people who walk around thinking they're brilliant and have the power with their billions of dollars to bring those visions to fruition and to convince people that they should, are not even remotely close to as smart as they think. 

So, when they start getting these visions and everyone around them tells them how brilliant they are and everything about their lives is reinforcing their own brilliance, I do think that can be a very twisted and dangerous dynamic. Then there is this very specific billionaire culture, especially the ones that came out of Silicon Valley, that believes that they are the kind of people society ought to progress and evolve and transform into, and that the society just doesn't facilitate that. The society punishes success; it impedes a transformative kind of Übermensch, to use a Nietzschean expression. And they have ideas like they want to just start new societies, they want to buy a country, or buy so much land that it can become its own country and they just create a society from scratch where they're the overlords and they create rules. Obviously it then extends to like, maybe we shouldn't even do it on Earth, let's start our own society on Mars or wherever and it becomes this very utopian and dystopian vision driven by a tiny number of people who have no real pushback or tension between the things that come out of their mouths into their from their brains into their mouths and then try they can try and make reality and have the power to make reality. But a lot of that is, I think very alarming; we ought to be very, very, very skeptical of that, even in the cases where it might be promising. 

A lot of this just depends on what you think. If you're a complete nihilist and atheist, and you just believe everything is just kind of a nihilistic evolution, no purpose, no spirit, no soul, we just keep evolving over millions of years, and human beings are just where we are now, it’s just one stop along the way, and our next destination is something totally different, it probably wouldn't bother you. But if you have a kind of idea of something essentialist about being human that turning us into beings that exist in an AI vat and eliminating us, every part of us, except our intellect, may not be an advancement, that may be a destruction of humanity while maintaining the facade of it, this is the kind of stuff that I think requires a great deal of introspection, a great deal of thought, a great debate involving the whole society. 

But because billionaires have this ability to just push things along with no constraints, AI is just exploding really with no safeguards. I mean, there are some superficial safeguards, like if you use ChatGPT or the commercial ones, they don't let you do certain things that could easily be done, but you can imagine how it's actually being developed. And the people who don't want those safeguards to exist are using AI without those safeguards. None of this is being understood. None of it is being analyzed or studied. 

I'm not an alarmist at all about technology, even including AI. But I think it's more this kind of narcissism and this self-adoration that naturally develops in billionaires that gives them far too much confidence in their own ability to push humanity into directions that they think it should go and really don't need much debate to do it because their brains are sufficiently advanced to make those decisions and see those things on their own and the proof is that they became billionaires. That's how the reasoning works. That, I think, is the most dangerous dynamic rather than the specific things. 

And yeah, when Peter Thiel starts saying, “I'm not sure humanity should continue, okay, I'll say yes, just because you obviously think it's extremely creepy if I don't, but I'm going to add that maybe we should exist in some other form,” I hope people are disturbed by that. I'm not saying necessarily opposed to it, but I hope they're disturbed by it, in a way that they kind of demand some time and reflection in order to consider. 


 

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